Wonke umakhenikha wezimoto kanye nomnikazi wesitolo sokulungisa uyakuqonda ukuthi ukulungiswa kwezondo okunembayo akudingi ukubuyekezwa ukuze kube nekhwalithi yemoto, ukuqina kwamathayi, nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Umshini wokulungisa amasondo amane, ovame ukubizwa nge-四轮定位仪, iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo elikala futhi lilungise ama-angle okumiswa kwemoto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amasondo abekwe ngokwezicaciso zomkhiqizi. Ngaphandle kwemishini enjalo, ngisho nomakhenikha onguchwepheshe kakhulu akakwazi ukuqinisekisa imoto ehamba iqonde noma ukuguga kwamathayi ngokulinganayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubanikazi bezitolo abafuna ukutshala imali kuleli thuluzi elibalulekile, ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo, imikhiqizo eyinhloko etholakalayo, kanye nemihlukaniso phakathi kwezizukulwane zemishini kubalulekile ekwenzeni isinqumo sokuthenga esihlakaniphile. Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokujula ezweni lemishini yokulungisa amasondo amane, sigxile kubuchwepheshe be-3D, abakhiqizi abaphezulu, kanye nezeluleko zokuthenga ezingokoqobo zamakhenikha afuna ukunemba nokwethembeka.

A 定位仪, noma umshini wokulungisa amasondo, iyidivayisi ye-elektroniki esetshenziswa ezitolo zokulungisa izimoto ukukala ama-engeli amasondo emoto maqondana nomunye nomunye nomzimba wemoto. Lawa ma-engeli—i-camber, i-caster, ne-toe—athinta ngqo ukuthi imoto iphethe kanjani, ukuthi amathayi aguga ngokulinganayo kangakanani, nokuthi imoto izizwa izinzile kangakanani ngesivinini esihlukahlukene. Kumakhenikha, ukuba nokufinyelela ku-定位仪 esezingeni eliphezulu kusho ukukwazi ukuxilonga izinkinga zokumiswa ngokuzethemba nokwenza ukulungiswa okubuyisela imoto emazingeni ayo okuqala okusebenza. Ukubaluleka kokuhlola njalo ukulungiswa akukwazi ukugcizelelwa kakhulu, ngoba amasondo angalungile angaholela ekunciphisweni kokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, ekunciphisweni kokusebenza kwamabhuleki, nasekwelashweni kwamathayi okungaphambi kwesikhathi. Kubanikazi bezitolo zokulungisa, ukunikeza izinsizakalo zokulungisa akuyona nje indlela yokuthola imali eqhubekayo kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokwakha ukwethenjwa namakhasimende azisa ukuphepha kanye nomsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali ku-四轮定位仪 yesimanje kuyindawo yokutshala imali eqondile kuphrofayela yesitolo nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza.

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo eziyisisekelo, umshini wokulinganisa wobuchwepheshe uvumela abakhandi bezimoto ukuthi babhekane nezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto, kusukela ezimotweni ezincane ezihamba ngesivinini kuya ezilolini ezisindayo. Amayunithi amaningi esimanje afika namakhosompilo ezimoto amaningi afaka phakathi imininingwane yezinkulungwane zezinhlobo, aqede ukuqagela futhi anciphise isikhathi sesevisi. Amandla okukhiqiza imibiko yokulinganisa ephrintwayo kumakhasimende nawo engeza isendlalelo sobuqotho nobuchwepheshe obusiza ukulungisa izindleko zesevisi. Emakethe yesevisi yezimoto eyizinga eliphezulu namuhla, izitolo ezingenawo ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa besimanje zibeka engcupheni yokubuyela emuva kubalingani abangahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisheshayo, ezinembayo, futhi ezinemibhalo eminingi. Ngakho-ke, isinqumo sokuthenga i- 全自动四轮定位仪 akuyona nje into yokuthenga kodwa isinyathelo sokuqondisa sokuthuthukisa amandla esevisi nokugcina amakhasimende.

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-3D alignment bungamele ukuthuthuka okukhulu kusuka ezindleleni zokulinganisa zakudala. Esikhundleni sokuthembela kuzinzwa zemishini noma imisebe elula ye-laser, i-3D定位仪 isebenzisa amakhamera amabili aphezulu afakwe ku-console ukulandelela izikhombisi-ndlela ezikhethekile ezinamathiselwe ku-wheel ngayinye. Lezi zikhombisi-ndlela zihlelwe ngokunembayo, futhi amakhamera abamba izikhundla zazo kusuka kuma-engeli amaningi ngesikhathi sangempela. Uhlelo bese lucubungula le datha ebonakalayo kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms athuthukile ukubala ukuma okunembayo kwe-wheel ngayinye esikhundleni esiyisithathu. Le ndlela iletha izilinganiso ngokunemba okungajwayelekile, ngokuvamile kuye ku-0.1 millimeters noma 0.01 degrees, okukude kakhulu kunalokho izinhlelo ezindala ze-CCD noma ze-laser ezingakwazi ukukwenza. Kubaqeqeshi bezimoto, lokhu kuguqulela ekuzethembeni okukhulu emiphumeleni ye-alignment kanye nokubuyela okuncane ukuze kulungiswe kabusha.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obudala, izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa ezisekelwe kumakhamera e-3D ziqeda izinkinga eziningi abazenzeli ababebhekana nazo nemishini evamile. Izinzwa ze-CCD zakudala zazidinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela futhi zazizwela ezintweni ezithinta imvelo njengokukhanya kanye nezinga phansi. Izinhlelo ze-laser, nakuba zaziyithuthukisiwe kunezilinganiso zemishini kuphela, zazisenemikhawulo ngokuya ngobubanzi bokulinganisa kanye nekhono lokukhokhela ukugijima kwe-wheel rim. Ngobuchwepheshe be-3D, amakhamera aqhubeka nokuqapha izibuyekezi ngisho nalapho imoto ihambiswa, okuvumela uhlelo ukuthi lwenze izilinganiso eziguquguqukayo ezibheka ukunyakaza kwe-suspension kanye nezinguquko zomthwalo. Leli khono langempela lesikhathi lisho ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanganisa iyashesha futhi inembile, kunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa imoto iphakanyisiwe. Esitolo esimatasa, leli ngeniso lokusebenza kahle lithuthukisa ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwe-bay kanye nokwenza inzuzo, kwenza ushintsho oluya ekuhlanganiseni kwe-3D lube uthuthukiso oluqinisekile.

Imishini ephezulu yokulungelelanisa yanamuhla inikeza izici eziningi ezizuzisa ngqo abakhandi bezimoto kanye nabangumnikazi bezitolo. Inzuzo esobala kakhulu ukunemba: ngamazinga okunemba afinyelela ku-0.1 millimeters kanye no-0.01 degrees, ochwepheshe bangasetha ama-angle okulungelelanisa eduze kakhulu nomkhiqizi kunanini ngaphambili. Leli zinga lokunemba libaluleke kakhulu ezimotweni zesimanje ezinamasistimu okumiswa athuthukile kanye nezilawuli zokuzinza zikagesimende ezizwelayo ngisho nasekuphazamisekeni okuncane. Enye inzuzo enkulu ukusebenza okulula—izinhlelo zesimanje azidingi ukulungiswa njalo ngumsebenzisi ngoba ukulinganisa okusekelwe ekhamera kuhlala kuzinzile futhi kuzihlola ngokwayo. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokulungiswa futhi kuqede umthombo ojwayelekile wokucasuka kochwepheshe. Izinga eliphansi lokuhluleka kwezingxenye eziqinile, lihlangene nokwakhiwa okuqinile, kusho ukuthi umshini ungamelana nezingcindezi zokusebenzisa nsuku zonke esitolo esimatasa iminyaka eminingi.

Ngaphandle kwezidingo eziyisisekelo, imishini eminingi ethuthukisiwe ihlanganisa izici ezengeziwe ezandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngaphezu kwemisebenzi ejwayelekile yokulungisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukala i-wheel offset kuvumela omakhenikha ukuthi bahlole isikhundla sesondo maqondana nokumiswa, okubalulekile ekuxilungeni kwezinkinga ezihlobene namasondo angaphandle noma izinguquko zokumiswa. Amandla okuhlanganisa isondo elilodwa avumela uchwepheshe ukuthi alungise i-axle eyodwa ngokuzimela, okuyisidingo esivamile ezimotweni ezinama-axle angemuva aqinile noma ukulungiswa okuyingxenye. Ezinye izinhlelo zinikeza nokukala ukuphakama kokugibela, okubalulekile ezimotweni ezinokumiswa okuguquguqukayo noma izinhlelo zokulinganisa. Lezi zici zenza umshini ube ithuluzi lokuxilonga eliguquguqukayo elingasekelwa uhla olubanzi lwezinsizakalo, okwenza kube nenzuzo ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Kubanikazi bezitolo abazisa ukuguquguquka nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside, ukukhetha i-汽车定位仪 enalezi zici ezithuthukisiwe kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile esikhokha izinzuzo ezandisiwe zezinsizakalo.

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yemishini yokulinganisa (alignment machines) inabadlali abaningana abaziwayo abaziwa ngobunjiniyela babo obuhle nokwethembeka. Abaholi bamazwe ngamazwe njengoJohnBean, Hunter Engineering, kanye neCorghi baneminyaka eminingi futhi babhekwa kabanzi njengezibonelo zekhwalithi nokunemba. Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuba namazinga aphezulu entengo, kodwa zinikeza amanethiwekhi okweseka aqinile, izisekelo zedatha zezimoto ezibanzi, nokuqina okufakazelwe okutholakala abanikazi bezitolo abaningi bekufanele ukutshala imali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe yaseShayina yasekhaya isivuthiwe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, ikhiqiza izindlela ezincintisanayo ezinikeza inani elihle kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezifana noLubake, Zhanshen, Haide Sanxiong, kanye neMiller zithole izidumo eziqinile phakathi kwabakhenikha e-Asia nakwamanye amazwe, zinikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile ngamanani entengo angabizi kakhulu. Ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi bemishini yokulinganisa (定位仪厂家) kuye kwadala ubuchule nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi kulo lonke ibhizinisi, kuzuza abasebenzisi bokugcina kungakhathalekile ukuthi bakhetha yiphi uhlobo.

Uma uhlola amabhrendi, ochwepheshe bezimoto kufanele bacabange hhayi kuphela ngentengo yokuqala kodwa nangokuphelele kwezindleko zokusebenzisa, okubandakanya izibuyekezo zesofthiwe, ukwesekwa kwezingxenye zikagesi, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye ezishintshwayo. Abanye abakhiqizi banikeza izinkundla zesofthiwe ezisekelwe emafini ezihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ezivamile kwi-database yemoto, ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana namamodeli amasha ezimoto njengoba efika emakethe. Abanye bagcizelela ukuqina kwezingxenye zikagesi, ngezindlu zamakhamera ezivaliwe kanye nama-adapter okuphakamisa aqiniswe alwa nokuguga ezitolo ezisebenza kakhulu. Izinkampani ezifana ne-机械师, ezisebenza nge-Yunnan Mechanic Auto Technology Co., Ltd., ziye zazibeka njengezihlinzeki zamathuluzi ezimoto enziwe ngokunemba, okubandakanya imishini yokulungisa evumelana nezidingo zezindlu zokusebenzela ezisebenza ngobungcweti. Ukugxila kwabo ekwenzeni ngokunemba nasekuphathweni kwezobuchwepheshe kuhambisana kahle nezidingo zochwepheshe bezimoto abadinga imishini ethembekile nsuku zonke. Abanikazi bezitolo bangavakashela i-Ikhaya ikhasi ukuze uhlole izixazululo ezitholakalayo bese ufunda kabanzi ngendlela yenkampani ngekhwalithi nenkonzo.

Kulabo abafuna izinto ezintsha zakamuva, kufanele kuqashelwe i-Izindabaikhasi lokumenyezelwa mayelana nokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo emisha nezibuyekezo zobuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi abaningi manje banikeza izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa ukulinganisa ngekhamera ye-3D ngokufakwa kwezinye izinzwa ukuze uthole ukunemba okukhulu. Ukuqonda amandla nobuthakathaka bemikhiqizo ngayinye namamodeli kubalulekile ekwenzeni isinqumo sokuthenga esinolwazi esihambisana nezidingo ezithile zesitolo sakho. Noma ngabe into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunemba okukhulu, ukusebenziseka kalula, ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside, noma ukonga izindleko, kunomshini emakethe ofanele.

Umehluko obalulekile okufanele wonke umakhenikha uwuqonde yileyo ekhona phakathi kwezinhlelo zokuqala nezokubili zokulinganisa i-3D. Imishini yesizukulwane sokuqala yayivame ukusebenzisa amakhamera anokulungiswa okuphansi futhi ithembele ezilinganisweni ezimile ezithathwe emaphuzwini athile ngesikhathi senqubo yokulinganisa. Lezi zinhlelo zazidinga ukuthi umuntu osebenza ngezimoto enze uchungechunge lwezinyathelo eziyisandla, njengokugudluza imoto ibuyela emuva naphambili ukulungisa ukujikeleza, futhi zazikwazi ukubamba ukuziphatha kwe-suspension okunamandla. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubuyekezwa kwakungafani ngezinye izikhathi, futhi ukunemba kungaba mandla uma amakhamera ayengalungile kahle noma uma izimo zokukhanya zishintsha. Noma le mishini yayiyithuthukisiwe kakhulu kunezi-CCD nezinhlelo ze-laser lapho zivela khona kuqala, sezidlulwe ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe.

Izinhlelo zesizukulwane sesibili, ngokuphambene, zisebenzisa amakhamera anencazelo ephezulu—avame ukuba ama-megapixel angu-5 noma ngaphezulu—anama-frame buffer avumela ukuthwebula nokucubungula izithombe ngokuqhubekayo. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo ukuthi lwenze izilinganiso eziguquguqukayo imoto ihamba, luthwebule izinkulungwane zamaphuzu edatha ngomzuzwana. Umphumela ukubuyekezwa okungcono nokunemba, ngisho nasezindaweni zokusebenzela eziyinselele. Omakhenikha abasebenzisa imishini yesizukulwane sesibili bangakwazi ukuqedela ukulungiswa ngokushesha ngoba uhlelo lukhokhela ukuhamba nokunyakaza kwe-suspension ngesikhathi sangempela, kuqeda isidingo sezinyathelo zokukhokhela ngesandla. Incazelo ephezulu iphinde isho ukuthi uhlelo lungathola ukuhlukahluka okuncane, okubalulekile ezimotweni zesimanje ezinokubekezelelana okuqinile kokulungiswa. Kubanikazi bezitolo, ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-底盘定位仪 yesizukulwane sesibili kuguqulela ekukhiqizeni okwengeziwe, amaphutha ambalwa, nokwaneliseka okukhulu kwamakhasimende. Kufanele kuhlolwe.Umkhiqizo ikhasi ukuze uqhathanise izici zemishini yesizukulwane samanje bese ukhetha amamodeli anikeza izici ezithuthukile ezidingwa isitolo sakho.

Ukukhetha umshini wokulinganisa ofanele we-workshop yakho kudinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela umthamo we-shop yakho, izinhlobo zezimoto, isabelomali, kanye nemigomo yesikhathi eside. Okokuqala okufanele kucatshangelwe yikhamera resolution kanye nesivinini sokucubungula, njengoba lezi zithinta ngqo ukunemba kokulinganisa kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi. Umshini onamakhamera angu-5-megapixel okungenani kanye ne-fast frame buffer uzohlinzeka ngamandla okulinganisa ashukumisayo achaza ukusebenza kwesizukulwane sesibili. Okulandelayo, hlola ukwesekwa komkhiqizo newaranti enikezwa umkhiqizi—ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuthembekile newaranti ephelele kungonga izinkulungwane zamadola ezindlekweni zokuma nokulungisa impilo yonke yomshini. Kuhlakaniphile futhi ukuhlola imvamisa nezindleko zezibuyekezo zesofthiwe, njengoba isisekelo sezimoto esiphelelwe yisikhathi singenza umshini ungabi usizo ezimotweni ezintsha. Ukulinganisa lezi zici ngokumelene nenani lokuthenga lokuqala kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola umshini ohlinzeka ngenani langempela impilo yawo yokusebenza.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ukucatshangelwa ngosayizi womshini nezidingo zokufakwa kwawo. Ezinye izinhlelo zidinga izindlela ezithile zokuphakamisa noma ukufakwa esitezi, kanti ezinye ziguquguquka kakhudlwana futhi zingafakwa kumahlelo asekhona asebenza emgwaqweni. Abakhi bezimoto kufanele futhi bacabange ngokwanda esikhathini esizayo—uma isitolo sihlela ukwengeza izindawo eziningi zokusebenza noma ukunikeza izinsizakalo ezikhethekile njengokusebenza kwe-suspension eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukukhetha umshini oyingxenye ongathuthukiswa noma wandiswe kuyinto enhle. Ekugcineni, ungakwehlisi inani lokuqeqeshwa nokusekelwa kokufakwa okuvela kumhlinzeki. Umshini wokulinganisa amasondo amane ogcwele ngokuzenzakalelayo onesici esithuthukisiwe usebenza kuphela njengomuntu obasebenzisayo, ngakho-ke izinto zokuqeqesha ezibanzi kanye nensizakalo yamakhasimende esheshayo kubalulekile. Ezitolo ezidinga izinhlelo ezithile noma izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso,Okwenziwe Ngokwezifiso ikhasi lenkonzo linikeza izinketho zokwenza imishini ihambisane nezidingo ezihlukile zokusebenza.

Ukutshala imali kumshini wesimanje we-4-wheel alignment kungenye yezinqumo ezinomthelela omkhulu umnikazi wesitolo sokulungisa angayenza. Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-3D—ukucacisa okuphezulu, izikhathi zesevisi ezisheshayo, ukunciphisa ukubuyela emuva, namakhono enkonzo enwetshiwe—ngokuqondile kuthinta inzuzo yesitolo nodumo lwalo. Ngokuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo zesiqalo nesesibili, ukuhlola izinhlobo eziphezulu, nokuhlola ngokucophelela izidingo ezithile zendawo yakho yokusebenzela, ungakhetha i-四轮定位仪 ezosebenzela ibhizinisi lakho ngokwethembeka iminyaka ezayo. Imakethe namuhla inikeza izinketho eziningi, kusukela kubaholi bomhlaba wonke kuya ezinhlotsheni zasekhaya ezincintisanayo, iqinisekisa ukuthi kunesixazululo sawo wonke amabhajethi nezicelo. Abakhi abahlala benolwazi ngezindlela zakamuva zobuchwepheshe, njengokulinganisa okungathintani nezinhlelo ze-intelligent pass-through alignment, bazoba sesikhundleni esingcono kakhulu sokuzivumelanisa nezidingo eziguqukayo zemboni yesevisi yezimoto. Ngeminye imininingwane ngamathuluzi ezimoto enziwe ngokucacisa futhi ukuze ufunde ngenkampani engemuva kohlobo lwe-机械师, vakashela kuMayelana Nathi ikhasi bese uthola ukuthi ukuzibophezela kwekhwalithi kanye nokusha kushayela yonke imikhiqizo.