Ukuqonda ububanzi obugcwele bamathuluzi okulungisa izimoto kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi i-workshop efuna ukuhlinzeka ngensizakalo esezingeni eliphezulu, egcina ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha. Wonke umakhenikha uyazi ukuthi ithuluzi elifanele lingaguqula ukulungisa okucasulayo, okuthatha isikhathi eside, kube yinqubo elula eyonga isikhathi nemali. Ngaphandle kolwazi olujulile ngemishini etholakalayo, ochwepheshe basengozini yokulimaza izingxenye ezibucayi, ukuzilimaza bona, noma ukukhiqiza umsebenzi ongaphansi kwezinga okuholela ekunganeliseki kwamakhasimende. Ukulungisa izimoto ngobuchwepheshe kufuna okungaphezu nje kwekhono lemishini; kufuna ukujwayelana nezinsimbi ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe imisebenzi ethile, kusukela ekuxilungeni kukagesi kuya ekulungiseni injini. Ngokwazi kahle ukuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsimbi lezi, isikhungo sezinsizakalo singanciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokulinda izimoto futhi sithuthukise idumela laso emsebenzini onembayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala imali kumathuluzi okulungisa izimoto asezingeni eliphezulu avela kubakhiqizi abaziwayo kuqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokwethembeka, okuthinta ngqo inzuzo yanoma iyiphi igaraji noma isitolo sezimoto esingu-4S. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuhambisa ngezigaba ezibalulekile zemishini yezimoto, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile, nokuthi kungani amabhrendi afana ne-JTC emelela igolide embonini.

Imoto yesimanje iyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlelo zemishini, ze-hydraulic, ze-elekthrikhi, neze-elektroniki, ngayinye idinga izindlela ezihlukile ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokulungiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, ibhokisi lamathuluzi elihlelekile eligcwele izinsimbi ezifanele akuyona into ewubukhazikhazi kodwa kuyisidingo kubachwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Izindawo eziningi zokusebenzela zibukela phansi ukwanda komkhiqizo okuvela ekusebenziseni imishini eyenzelwe injongo kunokuba izixazululo ezingazenzakalelayo. Lapho omakhenikha benokufinyelela kumathuluzi afanele wezimoto ezihlukahlukene emsebenzini ngamunye, basebenza ngokushesha, benza amaphutha amancane, futhi bakhiqiza imiphumela ehambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi afanele kunciphisa umthwalo womzimba kumakhenikha, kuvimbele ukukhathala nokulimala emsebenzini ngesikhathi eside. Emakethe yokuncintisana yezinsizakalo zezimoto, ukusebenza kahle kuhambisana ngqo nokugcinwa kwamakhasimende nokwanda kwenzuzo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda indawo yamathuluzi atholakalayo nokukhetha umphakeli ofanele kuba isinqumo sebhizinisi esihle kunokuba kube ukukhetha nje kokuthenga.

Amathuluzi akhethekile okulungisa izimoto enziwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukile zezinhlelo zezimoto ezahlukene, futhi angahlukaniswa ngokubanzi ngezigaba zikagesimende, amathayi, amafutha, injini, umzimba nangaphakathi, kanye ne-chassis. Amathuluzi ohlelo lukagesimende ahlanganisa ama-multimeter, izivivinyo zesekethe, izihloli zebhethri, namakhithi okulungisa izintambo ezivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi bahlole izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zikagesimende ngokunemba. Izinto zokusebenza zesevisi yamathayi zihlanganisa izikhiphi zamathayi, izilinganiso zengcindezi yamathayi, amathuluzi e-valve core, kanye nemishini yokulinganisa eqinisekisa ukuguga kwamathayi okuphephile nokulinganayo kumakhasimende. Amathuluzi amafutha njengezibhamu ze-grease, ama-wrench e-oil filter, kanye nezikhiphi zoketshezi azikwazi ukushiywa ngaphandle ekugcinweni okujwayelekile okugcina izinjini zisebenza kahle ezindaweni eziningi. Ukulungiswa kwezinjini kufuna amathuluzi akhethekile nakakhulu njengezihlahla zamasilinda, izikhiphi zamaloli e-valve, amathuluzi e-timing chain, kanye ne-piston ring pliers ezivumela umsebenzi onembayo wangaphakathi. Amathuluzi omzimba nangaphakathi ahlanganisa amasethi okukhipha ama-trim, izikhiphi zamalokhi, ama-pliers e-panel clip, namathuluzi okokugqoka avikela ukuqedwa kwezinto zokuhlobisa ngenkathi kwenziwa ukulungiswa. Umsebenzi we-chassis nokumiswa udinga izikhiphi ze-ball joint, izikhiphi zamaloli e-strut spring, izikhiphi ze-tie rod, namathuluzi okulinganisa agcina ukuzinza nokuphepha kwemoto emgwaqweni. Ngayinye yalezi zigaba imele utshalomali olubalulekile kunoma yisiphi isitolo esifuna ukunikeza izinsizakalo zezimoto ezibanzi ngaphandle kokudlulisa imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngaphandle kwamathuluzi esandla, imishini esizayo njengamathuluzi kagesi nezinhlelo ze-pneumatic zikhulisa kakhulu ukuhamba komsebenzi futhi zinciphise umzamo omzimba emisebenzini ematasa. Izikrufu ezishayayo, ama-ratchet omoya, iziklabo zokugaya, kanye nezisiki ze-pneumatic zivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi basuse izinto eziqinile futhi babumbe izinto ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu kunesidingo sezindlela zesandla. Izikrufu zikagesi, iziklabu ezingenazintambo, namathuluzi amaningi ashukumayo ahlinzeka ngokuguquguquka kwemisebenzi kusuka ekususweni kwamaphaneli angaphakathi kuya emisebenzini yokwakha elula. Ama-compressor omoya asebenza njengenhliziyo yanoma iyiphi uhlelo lwe-pneumatic, anika amandla konke kusuka ezibhameni zokupenda kuya ezibhameni zokuphehliza izingxenye nezindawo zokusebenza. Ukukhetha inhlanganisela efanele yamandla namathuluzi okukhanda izimoto ezi-pneumatic kuncike kumasevisi athile isitolo esiwenzayo kanye nenani lomsebenzi esisingatha nsuku zonke. Imishini esizayo ethembekile inciphisa ukukhathala kochwepheshe futhi yandisa ukukhiqiza, okuthuthukisa ngqo inzuzo yebhizinisi. Izitolo eziningi zithola ukuthi ukutshala imali kumathuluzi aphezulu we-pneumatic avela kubakhiqizi abahlonishwayo kukhokhela ngokwayo ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nezindleko zokugcinwa eziphansi kokuphila kwemishini. Lapho ukhetha la mathuluzi, izinto ezifana nokusetshenziswa komoya, ukuphuma kwe-torque, kanye nomklamo we-ergonomic kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze zihambisane nomsebenzi ojwayelekile wesitolo.

Ukuphatha kahle izinto ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni kwansuku zonke kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe izingozi nokulimala kwemishini, kodwa osaziwayo abaningi bayakhohlwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuphepha lapho bekhuthalele ukuqedela imisebenzi ngokushesha. Isikhwama semoto, isibonelo, singesinye sezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kabi kakhulu kunoma iyiphi igaraji, okuholela ekulimaleni okubucayi lapho izimoto ziwa kungazelelwe. Njalo beka isikhwama endaweni eyisicaba, eqinile bese usibeka kuphela kumaphuzu okukhuphula anconyiwe umenzi emotweni. Ungalokothi uthembele kuphela esikhwameni semoto ukusekela imoto ngenkathi usebenza ngaphansi kwayo; njalo sebenzisa izikhwama zokusekela ezilinganiselwe ngesisindo semoto njengesinyathelo esingeziwe sokuphepha. Ukuhlola njalo izinga loketshezi lwe-hydraulic esikhwameni kanye nezimpawu kungavimbela ukwehluleka kungazelelwe ngenkathi kusetshenziswa, futhi noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuqhaqha zidinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qinisekisa ukuthi ibhuleki lokupaka lemoto lisebenziwe futhi amasondo avalelwe ngaphambi kokukhuphula ukuze kuqedwe noma yimaphi amathuba okuguduka. Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezilula zithatha imizuzwana embalwa kodwa zingavimbela izingozi eziguqula impilo endaweni yokusebenzela.

Izinsimbi zokubamba izinto (Pliers) zibonakala njengamathuluzi alula, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kungalimaza izipele zokubopha futhi kubangele ukulimala kwezandla okungabeka ochwepheshe phansi izinsuku eziningana. Njalo khetha uhlobo olufanele lwezinsimbi zokubamba izinto emsebenzini obhekene nawo, noma ngabe izinsimbi ezihlangene, ezinezinhlamvu ezincane, ezikhiyiwe, noma ezisikayo, futhi gwema ukuzisebenzisa ezintweni zensimbi ezilukhuni ezidinga isikrufu noma isokhethi. Bamba izinsimbi zokubamba izinto ngokuqinile bese usebenzisa amandla ngendlela elawulwayo ukuze uvimbele ukushelela, okungadala ukuthi izipele zishaye noma kubangele izinhlungu ezibuhlungu. Ngokufanayo, izisokhethi zamakhandlela ezintshizi (spark plug sockets) zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngoba zinezingxenye zerabha ezibamba isivikelo esibucayi samakhandlela ezintshizi. Uma ingxenye yerabha igugile noma ilahlekile, isokhethi ingalimaza isivikelo, okuholela ekubeni kube khona ukungasebenzi kahle nokulungisa okubizayo kuchwepheshe. Njalo hlola ingxenye yerabha ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa bese ubuyisela izisokhethi ezikhombisa izimpawu zokuguga noma ukubola. Lapho ususa amakhandlela ezintshizi, jikisa isokhethi kancane nangokulinganayo ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka kwesivikelo, bese ufaka ukhilimu wokulwa nokubambelela (anti-seize compound) emicu lapho ufaka ukuze kube lula ukukhipha esikhathini esizayo. Izinsimbi zokubamba imiringo yamaphistoni (piston ring pliers), ezisetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa injini, zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngoba zisebenzisa amandla agxilile emiringweni eyenziwe ngensimbi eqinile (cast iron). Ukungahambisani kwezinsimbi kungaphula umringo, kubhidlize ingxenye futhi kudingeke ukuthi ibuyekezwe ngendlela ebiza kakhulu. Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi izinsimbi zilungiswe ngosayizi ofanele womringo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ingcindezi, bese uvula imiringo ngokwanele ukuze uyishelele phezu kwezindawo zamaphistoni. Ukuzijwayeza emiringweni endala ngaphambi kokusebenza enjinini yekhasimende kungakha ukuzethemba futhi kuvimbele amaphutha abizayo ngesikhathi sokulungisa kwangempela.

Uma kuxoxwa ngamathuluzi aphezulu okulungisa izimoto, i-JTC igqama njengomkhiqizo ohlinze njalo ikhwalithi ehlukile kanye nokusha kusukela yasungulwa e-Taiwan ngo-1981. Ngeminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane yokukhiqiza, i-JTC ikhule yaba umphakeli wasekhaya yaba igama elaziwa emhlabeni wonke emishini yesevisi yezimoto, isebenza izindlu zokusebenzela kanye nabathengisi emazweni angaphezu kuka-80. Ukuzibophezela kwenkampani ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kubonakala emikhiqizweni yayo enamalungelo obunikazi angaphezu kuka-1,000, ehlanganisa konke kusukela kumathuluzi esandla alula kuya kumadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi okuxilonga. Iloli lenkonzo yeselula yamathuluzi e-JTC liyimbono eyingqayizivele eletha indawo yokusebenzela ngqo kumakhasimende, linikeza imibukiso esizeni, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokwesekwa kokuthengisa okungafaniswa nabancintisana nabo abambalwa. Le ndlela yeselula iqinisekisa ukuthi ochwepheshe bangabona, bathinte, futhi bahlole amathuluzi ngaphambi kokuthenga, kunciphisa ubungozi bokuthenga imishini engahlangabezani nezidingo zabo. Ukuzinikela komkhiqizo ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kubonakala ekukhishweni kwawo njalo ngenyanga kwemikhiqizo emisha, kugcina isivinini nobuchwepheshe bezimoto obuguqukayo nezidingo zesevisi. Ngemikhakha yemikhiqizo eyi-16 ehlanganisa izinto ezingaphezu kuka-4,000, i-JTC ihlinzeka ngesisombululo esibanzi cishe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokulungisa izimoto ongacabanga ngawo.

Ezokusebenzela izindlu zokusebenzela kanye nezindawo ezidayisa izimoto ezine-4S ezifuna ukwenza imisebenzi yazo ibe lula, i-JTC inikeza izinsizakalo eziningi zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi enze amakhithi amathuluzi ngokwezidingo zawo ezithile kanye nezintandokazi zochwepheshe. Leli zinga lokwenza ngokwezifiso liqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi ngalinye ebhokisini lisebenza injongo, likuqeda ukuchitha futhi lithuthukise ukuhlelwa ezindaweni ezimatasa zokusebenzela. Ukufinyelela komhlaba wonke kwe-JTC kusho ukuthi izingxenye zokubuyisela kanye nemikhiqizo emisha iyatholakala kalula ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa asungulwe, okunciphisa isikhathi sokulinda lapho amathuluzi edinga ukubuyiselwa. Idumela lomkhiqizo wokuqina lakhiwe ngezinqubo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengensimbi ye-chrome vanadium yamathuluzi esandla kanye nama-composites aqiniswe izinto ezikhethekile. Ochwepheshe abaningi abaqeqeshiwe babika ukuthi amathuluzi e-JTC ahlala isikhathi eside kunezimbangi eziningi, ahlinzeka ngokubuyiselwa okungcono kwesikhathi eside naphezu kwamanani okuqala ancintisanayo. Amabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-JTC ingathuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwezindlu zawo zokusebenzela, sincoma ukuvakashela kuIkhaya ikhasi le-Yunnan Mechanic Auto Technology Co., umlingani wethu ogunyaziwe, ukuze uhlole uhla olugcwele lwezixazululo ezitholakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabuka imininingwane enemininingwane yomkhiqizo ku-Umkhiqizo ikhasi, elinohlu olubanzi olunezithombe kanye nedatha yobuchwepheshe ukusekela izinqumo zokuthenga ezinolwazi.

Ubambiswano phakathi kwe-JTC kanye ne-机械师 (Yunnan Mechanic Auto Technology Co.) luyisivumelwano esinamandla esiletha amathuluzi okukhanda izimoto asezingeni lomhlaba emakethe yaseShayina ngokusekelwa nenkonzo yendawo. Ukuqonda okujulile kwe-机械师 ngezidingo zamalabhorethri asekhaya kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-JTC iyavumelaniswa ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zochwepheshe benkonzo yezimoto yaseShayina. Ngokusebenzisa i-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi, ungathola ifilosofi eyabiwe yokukhiqiza okunembayo kanye nobuhle bemishini obuqhuba izinhlangano zombili. Ezitolo ezidinga izixazululo ezikhethekile, i-Izenziwe Ngokwezifiso ikhasi lenkonzo lichaza ukuthi i-JTC ne-机械师 zisebenzisana kanjani ukuklama amaphakheji amathuluzi enziwe ngokwezifiso kumabhizinisi ngamanye. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngezindaba zakamuva zemboni kanye nokwethulwa kwemikhiqizo kulula ngokusebenzisa i-Izindaba ikhasi, elihlale libonisa izindatshana ezintsha ezobuchwepheshe bezimoto kanye namasu enkonzo. Le ndawo ephelele yemikhiqizo, ukwesekwa, kanye nolwazi iqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokusebenzela ezihlome ngamathuluzi e-JTC zingagcina ziqhuba emakethe eba nzima kakhulu.

Ukukhetha amathuluzi alungileyo okulungisa izimoto akuyona nje indaba yokuba lula; kuyisikhathi esibalulekile esithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yesevisi, ukuphepha kochwepheshe, kanye nenzuzo yebhizinisi emakethe yezimoto ezincintisanayo. Izindlu zokusebenzela ezibeka phambili imishini esezingeni eliphezulu evela kubakhiqizi abasungulwe njenge-JTC zizuza ukuqina okukhulu, ukusebenza kahle okungcono, nokufinyelela ekuqanjweni okusha okuqhubekayo okuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezimoto obuguqukayo. Ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwamathuluzi achazwe kulo mhlahlandlela kunikeza uhlaka lokuhlola izinto ezikhona manje nokuthola izikhala ezingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle. Ngokulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezijwayelekile zokusebenzisa izinto ezivamile njengama-car jacks, ama-pliers, izimbiza zamasokhethi ezintshubhelo, nama-pliers ezindandatho zamapiston, abanikazi bezitolo banganciphisa ukulimala emsebenzini kanye nomonakalo wemishini okunciphisa inzuzo. Ubambiswano phakathi kwe-JTC kanye ne-机械师 lunikeza ochwepheshe bezinsizakalo zezimoto zaseShayina umthombo onokwethenjelwa wama-汽修工具 asezingeni eliphezulu asekelwa ubuchwepheshe bendawo kanye nokwesekwa okusheshayo. Ekugcineni, isinqumo sokutshala imali kumathuluzi angcono sibonisa ukuzibophezela ekugqamaleni okubona amakhasimende futhi bakuvuza ngokwethembeka kwawo. Njengoba izimoto ziba nzima kakhulu futhi izimfuno zamakhasimende ziqhubeka nokwanda, ukuba nemishini efanele ezindaweni zakho zesevisi kuyisisekelo lapho ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo lokulungisa izimoto lakhiwa khona. Khetha ngokuhlakanipha, gcina ngokunakekela, futhi ithuluzi lakho lizokusebenzela wena namakhasimende akho iminyaka eminingi ezayo.